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This Week In History
By The Associated Press
Today’s Highlight In History
Today is Sunday, September 13, the 256th day of 2009. There are 109 days left in the year.
In 1586, Anthony Babington and fellow conspirators go on trial for attempting to seize throne of England for Mary Queen of Scots by plotting to murder Queen Elizabeth I.
On This Date
In 1536, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V abandoned siege of Marseilles after a disastrous campaign and sailed from Genoa to Barcelona.
In 1788, the first U.S. national election was authorized.
In 1882, the British defeated Egyptians at Tel el-Kebir, Lower Egypt, and proceeded to occupy Egypt and the Sudan.
In 1943, Chiang Kai-shek became president of China.
In 1948, Republican Margaret Chase Smith of Maine was elected to the U.S. Senate, becoming the first woman to serve in both houses of Congress.
In 1970, Israel arrested 450 Arabs in occupied Jordan and said it would exchange them for hostages held by guerrillas.
In 1971, a four-day inmates' rebellion at the Attica Correctional Facility in upstate New York ended as police and guards storm the prison; the ordeal resulted in the deaths of 43 people.
In 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat shook hands on the lawn of the White House at the signing of a peace accord providing for mutual recognition and Palestinian control over Gaza and the West Bank.
In 1994, at a U.N. International Conference on Population and Development, 180 nations adopt a 20-year blueprint to slow world population growth.
In 1999, the fourth major blast in Russia in two weeks destroyed an apartment building in Moscow, killing 118 people.
In 2004, North Korea said a huge cloud caused by an explosion was the planned demolition of a mountain for a hydroelectric project and invites a British diplomat to visit the site.
2005 - U.S. President George W. Bush says that "I take responsibility" for failures in dealing with Hurricane Katrina and says the disaster raised broader questions about the government's ability to respond to natural disasters as well as terror attacks.
In 2008, Russian soldiers and armored vehicles pulled back from positions deep in western Georgia, meeting a closely watched withdrawal deadline a month after the war between the former Soviet republics.
Monday, September 14
In 1613, Turkey invaded Hungary.
In 1752, Britain adopted the Gregorian calendar.
In 1770, freedom of the press was allowed in Denmark.
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte entered Moscow and Russians set fires throughout the city.
In 1814, Francis Scott Key wrote the national anthem of the United States, "The Star Spangled Banner."
In 1864, Japan agreed to truce following attack by British, French and Dutch fleets in Shimonoseki Straits in reprisal for Japan's closing of ports and expelling of foreigners.
In 1901, U.S. President William McKinley died in Buffalo, New York, of gunshot wounds inflicted by an assassin. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt succeeded him.
In 1911, Peter Stolypin, Russian premier, was fatally shot by a revolutionary.
In 1918, Austria-Hungary made a peace offer to the Allies in World War I.
In 1923, Miguel Primo de Rivera assumed control of the dictatorship in Spain.
In 1948, a groundbreaking ceremony took place in New York at the site of the United Nations' world headquarters.
In 1960, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is founded.
In 1972, the U.S. Senate approved a U.S.-Soviet agreement to freeze a major part of their offensive nuclear arsenals for five years.
In 1975, Pope Paul VI declared Mother Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton the first U.S.-born saint.
In 1982, Princess Grace of Monaco, formerly actress Grace Kelly, died at age 52 of injuries from a car crash the day before.
In 1993, Israel and Jordan signed an "agenda for peace" in Washington, D.C., one day after Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization signed their interim accord for Palestinian self-rule.
In 2001, U.S. Congress adopted a joint resolution authorizing the use of force against terrorists.
opened with calls for the world to restore confidence in the United Nations after scandals saw its reputation tarnished.
In 2006, Germany ordained its first rabbis since World War II, an event hailed as a milestone in the rebirth of Jewish life in the nation.
In 2007, Vladimir Putin rewrote the rules for Russia's closely watched presidential succession and named his new prime minister, Viktor Zubkov.
Tuesday, September 15
In 1776, British forces occupied New York City during the American Revolution.
In 1777, Polish Count Casimir Pulaski was commissioned a major general in the American Revolutionary Army.
In 1810, Mexico rejected Spanish rule.
In 1882, British forces occupied Cairo; Arab Pasha surrendered and was banished to Ceylon — now Sri Lanka.
In 1916, tanks were used for the first time in war, in a British attack on German lines near the Somme in France.
In 1917, Russia was proclaimed a republic by Alexander Kerensky, the head of a provisional government.
In 1935, the Nuremberg laws were passed, making discrimination against Jews part of Germany's national policy and making the swastika the official symbol of Nazi Germany.
In 1938, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain visited Germany's Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden where Hitler stated his determination to annex the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.
In 1940, the Royal Air Force inflicted heavy losses on the Luftwaffe as the tide turned in the Battle of Britain during World War II.
In 1942, German armies attacked the Russian city of Stalingrad in World War II.
In 1950, U.N. forces under U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed at Inchon, South Korea, halting the North Korean advance.
In 1953, the U.N. General Assembly rejected Communist demands that China be admitted into the organization in order to help plan a Korean peace conference.
In 1959, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was welcomed by U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower as he arrived for an unprecedented two-week visit to the U.S.
In 1963, four children were killed when a bomb went off during Sunday services at a black Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama.
In 1971, Laotian forces recaptured the strategic Boloven Plateau town of Paksong following a fierce battle with North Vietnamese troops that claimed 481 lives.
In 1976, the South African government began removing 45,000 Bakalobeng tribesmen from a Transvaal area into the Bophutatswana homeland as part of its policy to assign black tribes to autonomous areas.
In 1982, Iran's former foreign minister, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, was executed after being convicted of plotting against the government.
In 2000, Mexicans were free to publicly toast their independence from Spain for the first time in 70 years. The sale of alcoholic beverages during patriotic Mexican events had been banned since President Pascual Ortiz Rubio was wounded in an assassination attempt in 1930.
In 2005, North Korea said it will not give up its nuclear weapons without receiving a reactor for generating power, stalling six-nation talks on Pyongyang's atomic programs.
Wednesday, September 16
In 1668, John II Casimir, facing a rebellion after a string of disastrous wars, abdicated as king of Poland and became an abbot in France.
In 1913, Japan sent a flotilla to the Yangtze River after China failed to honor a reparation agreement.
In 1970, the weeklong "Black September" civil war began in Jordan, with King Hussein declaring martial law and calling up troops to fight Palestinians.
In 1974, U.S. President Gerald Ford announced a conditional amnesty program for Vietnam War deserters and draft-evaders.
In 1990, Iraq opened Kuwait's borders and thousands of Kuwaitis attempted to flee their country.
Thursday, September 17
In 1787, the Constitution of the United States was completed and signed by a majority of delegates attending the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.
In 1862, in the bloodiest battle day in U.S. history, Union forces fought Confederate invaders in the Civil War Battle of Antietam at Sharpsburg, Md.
In 1909, the first trolley crossed New York City's recently opened Queensboro Bridge in a test run. (Regular service began Oct. 4; the trolley was shut down in 1957.)
In 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland during World War II, more than two weeks after Nazi Germany had launched its assault.
In 1944, during World War II, Allied paratroopers launched Operation Market Garden, landing behind German lines in the Netherlands. (After initial success, the Allies were beaten back by the Germans.)
In 1978, after meeting at Camp David, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat signed a framework for a peace treaty.
In 1999, President Bill Clinton lifted restrictions on trade, travel and banking imposed on North Korea a half-century earlier, rewarding it for agreeing to curb missile tests.
In 2004, President Vladimir Putin said Russia was "seriously preparing" for pre-emptive strikes against terrorists, as Chechen warlord Shamil Basayev took responsibility for a school hostage-taking and other attacks that had claimed more than 430 lives.
Friday, September 18
In 1709 (New Style date), author, critic, lexicographer and wit Samuel Johnson was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England.
In 1793, President George Washington laid the cornerstone of the U.S. Capitol.
In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which created a force of federal commissioners charged with returning escaped slaves to their owners.
In 1927, the Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System (later CBS) made its on-air debut with a basic network of 16 radio stations.
In 1947, the National Security Act, which created a National Military Establishment, went into effect.
In 1975, newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst was captured by the FBI in San Francisco, 19 months after being kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army.
In 2008, President George W. Bush told the country his administration was working feverishly to calm turmoil in the financial markets. The president met with Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, who then asked Congress to give the government power to rescue banks by buying up their bad assets. Stocks on Wall Street shot up more than 400 points on word a plan was in the works.
Saturday, September 19
In 1777, during the Revolutionary War, American soldiers won the first Battle of Saratoga.
In 1796, President George Washington's farewell address was published. In it, the nation's first chief executive wrote, "Observe good faith and justice towards all Nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all."
In 1934, Bruno Hauptmann was arrested in New York and charged with the kidnap-murder of Charles A. Lindbergh Jr.
Today is Sunday, September 13, the 256th day of 2009. There are 109 days left in the year.
In 1586, Anthony Babington and fellow conspirators go on trial for attempting to seize throne of England for Mary Queen of Scots by plotting to murder Queen Elizabeth I.
On This Date
In 1536, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V abandoned siege of Marseilles after a disastrous campaign and sailed from Genoa to Barcelona.
In 1788, the first U.S. national election was authorized.
In 1882, the British defeated Egyptians at Tel el-Kebir, Lower Egypt, and proceeded to occupy Egypt and the Sudan.
In 1943, Chiang Kai-shek became president of China.
In 1948, Republican Margaret Chase Smith of Maine was elected to the U.S. Senate, becoming the first woman to serve in both houses of Congress.
In 1970, Israel arrested 450 Arabs in occupied Jordan and said it would exchange them for hostages held by guerrillas.
In 1971, a four-day inmates' rebellion at the Attica Correctional Facility in upstate New York ended as police and guards storm the prison; the ordeal resulted in the deaths of 43 people.
In 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat shook hands on the lawn of the White House at the signing of a peace accord providing for mutual recognition and Palestinian control over Gaza and the West Bank.
In 1994, at a U.N. International Conference on Population and Development, 180 nations adopt a 20-year blueprint to slow world population growth.
In 1999, the fourth major blast in Russia in two weeks destroyed an apartment building in Moscow, killing 118 people.
In 2004, North Korea said a huge cloud caused by an explosion was the planned demolition of a mountain for a hydroelectric project and invites a British diplomat to visit the site.
2005 - U.S. President George W. Bush says that "I take responsibility" for failures in dealing with Hurricane Katrina and says the disaster raised broader questions about the government's ability to respond to natural disasters as well as terror attacks.
In 2008, Russian soldiers and armored vehicles pulled back from positions deep in western Georgia, meeting a closely watched withdrawal deadline a month after the war between the former Soviet republics.
Monday, September 14
In 1613, Turkey invaded Hungary.
In 1752, Britain adopted the Gregorian calendar.
In 1770, freedom of the press was allowed in Denmark.
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte entered Moscow and Russians set fires throughout the city.
In 1814, Francis Scott Key wrote the national anthem of the United States, "The Star Spangled Banner."
In 1864, Japan agreed to truce following attack by British, French and Dutch fleets in Shimonoseki Straits in reprisal for Japan's closing of ports and expelling of foreigners.
In 1901, U.S. President William McKinley died in Buffalo, New York, of gunshot wounds inflicted by an assassin. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt succeeded him.
In 1911, Peter Stolypin, Russian premier, was fatally shot by a revolutionary.
In 1918, Austria-Hungary made a peace offer to the Allies in World War I.
In 1923, Miguel Primo de Rivera assumed control of the dictatorship in Spain.
In 1948, a groundbreaking ceremony took place in New York at the site of the United Nations' world headquarters.
In 1960, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is founded.
In 1972, the U.S. Senate approved a U.S.-Soviet agreement to freeze a major part of their offensive nuclear arsenals for five years.
In 1975, Pope Paul VI declared Mother Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton the first U.S.-born saint.
In 1982, Princess Grace of Monaco, formerly actress Grace Kelly, died at age 52 of injuries from a car crash the day before.
In 1993, Israel and Jordan signed an "agenda for peace" in Washington, D.C., one day after Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization signed their interim accord for Palestinian self-rule.
In 2001, U.S. Congress adopted a joint resolution authorizing the use of force against terrorists.
opened with calls for the world to restore confidence in the United Nations after scandals saw its reputation tarnished.
In 2006, Germany ordained its first rabbis since World War II, an event hailed as a milestone in the rebirth of Jewish life in the nation.
In 2007, Vladimir Putin rewrote the rules for Russia's closely watched presidential succession and named his new prime minister, Viktor Zubkov.
Tuesday, September 15
In 1776, British forces occupied New York City during the American Revolution.
In 1777, Polish Count Casimir Pulaski was commissioned a major general in the American Revolutionary Army.
In 1810, Mexico rejected Spanish rule.
In 1882, British forces occupied Cairo; Arab Pasha surrendered and was banished to Ceylon — now Sri Lanka.
In 1916, tanks were used for the first time in war, in a British attack on German lines near the Somme in France.
In 1917, Russia was proclaimed a republic by Alexander Kerensky, the head of a provisional government.
In 1935, the Nuremberg laws were passed, making discrimination against Jews part of Germany's national policy and making the swastika the official symbol of Nazi Germany.
In 1938, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain visited Germany's Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden where Hitler stated his determination to annex the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.
In 1940, the Royal Air Force inflicted heavy losses on the Luftwaffe as the tide turned in the Battle of Britain during World War II.
In 1942, German armies attacked the Russian city of Stalingrad in World War II.
In 1950, U.N. forces under U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed at Inchon, South Korea, halting the North Korean advance.
In 1953, the U.N. General Assembly rejected Communist demands that China be admitted into the organization in order to help plan a Korean peace conference.
In 1959, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was welcomed by U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower as he arrived for an unprecedented two-week visit to the U.S.
In 1963, four children were killed when a bomb went off during Sunday services at a black Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama.
In 1971, Laotian forces recaptured the strategic Boloven Plateau town of Paksong following a fierce battle with North Vietnamese troops that claimed 481 lives.
In 1976, the South African government began removing 45,000 Bakalobeng tribesmen from a Transvaal area into the Bophutatswana homeland as part of its policy to assign black tribes to autonomous areas.
In 1982, Iran's former foreign minister, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, was executed after being convicted of plotting against the government.
In 2000, Mexicans were free to publicly toast their independence from Spain for the first time in 70 years. The sale of alcoholic beverages during patriotic Mexican events had been banned since President Pascual Ortiz Rubio was wounded in an assassination attempt in 1930.
In 2005, North Korea said it will not give up its nuclear weapons without receiving a reactor for generating power, stalling six-nation talks on Pyongyang's atomic programs.
Wednesday, September 16
In 1668, John II Casimir, facing a rebellion after a string of disastrous wars, abdicated as king of Poland and became an abbot in France.
In 1913, Japan sent a flotilla to the Yangtze River after China failed to honor a reparation agreement.
In 1970, the weeklong "Black September" civil war began in Jordan, with King Hussein declaring martial law and calling up troops to fight Palestinians.
In 1974, U.S. President Gerald Ford announced a conditional amnesty program for Vietnam War deserters and draft-evaders.
In 1990, Iraq opened Kuwait's borders and thousands of Kuwaitis attempted to flee their country.
Thursday, September 17
In 1787, the Constitution of the United States was completed and signed by a majority of delegates attending the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.
In 1862, in the bloodiest battle day in U.S. history, Union forces fought Confederate invaders in the Civil War Battle of Antietam at Sharpsburg, Md.
In 1909, the first trolley crossed New York City's recently opened Queensboro Bridge in a test run. (Regular service began Oct. 4; the trolley was shut down in 1957.)
In 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland during World War II, more than two weeks after Nazi Germany had launched its assault.
In 1944, during World War II, Allied paratroopers launched Operation Market Garden, landing behind German lines in the Netherlands. (After initial success, the Allies were beaten back by the Germans.)
In 1978, after meeting at Camp David, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat signed a framework for a peace treaty.
In 1999, President Bill Clinton lifted restrictions on trade, travel and banking imposed on North Korea a half-century earlier, rewarding it for agreeing to curb missile tests.
In 2004, President Vladimir Putin said Russia was "seriously preparing" for pre-emptive strikes against terrorists, as Chechen warlord Shamil Basayev took responsibility for a school hostage-taking and other attacks that had claimed more than 430 lives.
Friday, September 18
In 1709 (New Style date), author, critic, lexicographer and wit Samuel Johnson was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England.
In 1793, President George Washington laid the cornerstone of the U.S. Capitol.
In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which created a force of federal commissioners charged with returning escaped slaves to their owners.
In 1927, the Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System (later CBS) made its on-air debut with a basic network of 16 radio stations.
In 1947, the National Security Act, which created a National Military Establishment, went into effect.
In 1975, newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst was captured by the FBI in San Francisco, 19 months after being kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army.
In 2008, President George W. Bush told the country his administration was working feverishly to calm turmoil in the financial markets. The president met with Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, who then asked Congress to give the government power to rescue banks by buying up their bad assets. Stocks on Wall Street shot up more than 400 points on word a plan was in the works.
Saturday, September 19
In 1777, during the Revolutionary War, American soldiers won the first Battle of Saratoga.
In 1796, President George Washington's farewell address was published. In it, the nation's first chief executive wrote, "Observe good faith and justice towards all Nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all."
In 1934, Bruno Hauptmann was arrested in New York and charged with the kidnap-murder of Charles A. Lindbergh Jr.
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